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Babesia bovis
''Babesia bovis'' is a single-celled protozoan parasite of cattle which occasionally infects humans. It is a member of the phylum Apicomplexa, which also includes the malaria parasite. The disease it and other members of the genus ''Babesia'' cause is a hemolytic anemia known as babesiosis and colloquially called Texas cattle fever, redwater or piroplasmosis. It is transmitted by bites from infected larval ticks of the order Ixodida. It was eradicated from the United States by 1943, but is still present in Mexico and much of the world's tropics. The chief vector of ''Babesia'' species is the southern cattle fever tick ''Rhipicephalus microplus'' (formerly ''Boophilus microplus'').
In 2007, the sequence of its genome was announced. Measuring 8.2 million base pairs, its genome is remarkably similar to the genome of ''Theileria parva'', the cause of East Coast fever (theileriosis) in cattle.
== Infection ==
(詳細はAfrican buffalo or a water buffalo, releasing the parasites into the animal's bloodstream. The involvement of the larval stage of the ticks in the cycle is specific to ''B. bovis''; other ''Babesia'' species only involve adult ticks. The parasites then invade individual red blood cells, multiplying and destroying the host cells until the animal is stricken with hemolytic anemia.〔 Adult ticks which feed upon infected cattle are infected themselves, completing the cycle. In humans, infection is rare and usually only affects splenectomized patients.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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